Budgetary Control (Budjetniy control) – Methodical control of an organization's operations through establishment of standards and targets regarding income and expenditure, and a continuous monitoring and adjustment of performance against them.
Cash flow(Denezhni oborot) – is the balance of the amounts of cash being received and paid by a business during a defined period of time, sometimes tied to a specific project. Measurement of cash flow can be used
Cash flow Forecast (prognoz potoka nalichnosti)Estimate of the timing and amounts of cash inflows and outflows over a specific period (usually one year). A cash flow forecast shows if a firm needs to borrow, how much, when, and how it will repay the loan. Also called cash flow budget or cash flow projection.
Contribution(vklad) - Distinctly identifiable department, division, or unit of firm whose managers are responsible for its all associated costs and for ensuring adherence to its cost-budgets. Also called cost pool. See also profit center and revenue center
Factoring (factoring)- Short-term, non-bank financing of accounts-receivable. It is of four main types: (1) In maturity factoring (also called service factoring), the factor maintains the seller's sales ledger, controls credit, follows up on the payments, and pays the amount (after deducting a commission) of each invoice as it falls due, whether or not the payment was collected. (2) In finance factoring, the factor (called the financing factor) advances funds to a producer or a manufacturing firm, on the security of produce or goods that will be produced or manufactured utilizing those funds. (3) In discount factoring (also called service plus finance factoring) the factor advances a percentage (usually between 70 to 85 percent of the value of accounts receivable) to the seller on a non-recourse basis and assumes the full responsibility of collecting the debts. (4) In undisclosed factoring, a factor buys the goods from a primary party (producer, manufacturer, or seller) and then appoints the same party as its agent to resell those goods and to collect the payments. This arrangement prevents the disclosure that goods are being sold under a factoring agreement. The undisclosed factor, as in all other types of factoring, remains liable for uncollectible payments. Factoring is a type of 'off balance sheet financing.' See also discounting of accounts receivable and forfaiting.
Fixed costs(fixirovanaya cena) - Periodic cost that remains (more or less) unchanged irrespective of the output level or sales revenue of a firm, such as depreciation, insurance, interest, rent, salaries, and wages.
Ordinary share capital(obichnaya dola capitala) - Invested money that, in contrast to debt capital, is not repaid to the investors in the normal course of business. It represents the risk capital staked by the owners through purchase of the firm's common stock (ordinary shares). Its value is computed by estimating the current market value of everything owned by the firm from which the total of all liabilities is subtracted. On the balance sheet of the firm, equity capital is listed as stockholders' equity or owners' equity. Also called equity financing or share capital.
Overdraft(kredit po tekushemu shetu) - Loan arrangement under which a bank extends credit up to a maximum amount (called overdraft limit) against which a current (checking) account customer can write checks or make withdrawals. The most common form of business borrowing, an overdraft is a type of revolving loan where deposits (credits) are available for re-borrowing, and interest is charged only on the daily overdraft (debit) balance. It is, however, also a demand loan: the facility can be cancelled (and entire outstanding amount 'called') at any time by the lender at its discretion, without any warning notice or explanation. If the overdraft is secured by an asset or property, the lender has the right to foreclose on the collateral in case the account holder does not pay. Calls happen usually where the (1) borrower's credit rating falls, (2) lender has reason to believe the borrower may go into default, or (3) borrower has not 'revolved' the overdraft in a satisfactory manner and has turned it into a hardcore debt. An overdraft is approved only for a fixed period (usually one year) after which it is must be renegotiated. In the US practice (where it is called line of credit or credit Line), the borrower is often required to maintain 10 to 20 percent of the approved overdraft limit as cash balance in the account, and must demonstrate its continuing financial health by managing without the overdraft for a one or two-month period (called cleanup period).
Profit(vigoda) - Best known measure of the success of an enterprise, it is the surplus remaining after total costs are deducted from total revenue, and the basis on which tax is computed and dividend is paid. Profit is reflected in reduction in liabilities, increase in assets, and/or increase in owners' equity. It furnishes resources for investing in future operations, and its absence may result in the extinction of the firm. As an indicator of comparative performance, however, it is less valuable than return on investment (ROI). In economics, total costs must include a cost to cover the normal profit for the firm. Also called earnings, gain, or income.
Profit centre(center pribili) - Distinctly identifiable department or unit that contributes to the overall financial results of a firm. Where adequate cost accounting systems are in place, profit centers are given responsibility to target certain percentages of the total revenue and are given adequate authority to control their costs to achieve those targets. See also cost center and revenue center.
Safet margin(zapas prochnosti)
Current ratio
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